Finance Management

Rules for Investing

2009-08-08T06:07:00.001-07:00

Investing is a complex exercise only because we insist on making it so. But the basic principles are simple. As simple that anyone can become a good investor just by following simple and easily understood rules, which also help avoid big mistakes. Here are my rules for investment success.

Develop a Plan

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For your short-term goals, make sure you're taking appropriate risks. Invest money that you'll need in the next two years to five years in cash and short-term bonds. If you've taken on too much risk for short-term objectives, pull back now. There's no telling where the bottom of this market is. It's better to cut your losses and preserve the money you already have for short-term goals. For your long-term financial goals, consider equities.

Keep It Simple

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Buy a diversified equity fund or an index fund for equity exposure and a floating-rate bond fund for fixed income exposure. These are the basics of the investment world. Sure, you can buy many other types of funds (Petro, MNC, Gilt, Fixed Maturity, Serial Plans etc), but it's hard to go wrong with these two. To keep fund selection simple, stick with a diversified equity funds of well-established fund families. Equities prove to be the best performing long-term asset class. Stay away from exotic speciality and sector funds, unless you have a huge risk appetite and you can take in your stride a 25% loss in a quarter

Ignore the hot stocks and funds

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If you buy this year's top-performing fund or stock, be prepared to see it at the bottom next year. The fancy academic expression for this phenomenon is -- Reversion to the Mean. But the old saying explains it just as well -- what goes up must come down.Invest Regularly: Investing a little bit of money each month is the surest way to reduce the risk of investing, because you lessen the possibility of buying at the market top. Also, no one is smart enough to anticipate all the moves, both up and down.

Buy and Hold

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Short-term trading makes more brokers than investors rich. The income tax department likes the practice, too. If you meet anyone who claims to have made money through short-term trading, resist your temptation to listen any further and move on to a more productive conversation.

Start Early

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It is not the "market timing" but time in the market that matters. Power of compounding will turn things in your favour.

Investing is a long-term proposition. Research your investments, remember your goals, re-examine your risk, and limit how much you listen to day-to-day market commentary. And don't let your emotions overpower your sense of reason.

Stock Market

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A stock market is a public market for the trading of company stock and derivatives at an agreed price; these are securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only traded privately.

The size of the world stock market was estimated at about $36.6 trillion US at the beginning of October 2008.

[1] The total world derivatives market has been estimated at about $791 trillion face or nominal value,

[2] 11 times the size of the entire world economy.

[3] The value of the derivatives market, because it is stated in terms of notional values, cannot be directly compared to a stock or a fixed income security, which traditionally refers to an actual value. Moreover, the vast majority of derivatives 'cancel' each other out (i.e., a derivative 'bet' on an event occurring is offset by a comparable derivative 'bet' on the event not occurring.). Many such relatively illiquid securities are valued as marked to model, rather than an actual market price.

The stocks are listed and traded on stock exchanges which are entities of a corporation or mutual organization specialized in the business of bringing buyers and sellers of the organizations to a listing of stocks and securities together. The stock market in the United States includes the trading of all securities listed on the NYSE Euronext, the NASDAQ, the Amex, as well as on the many regional exchanges, e.g. OTCBB and Pink Sheets. European examples of stock exchanges include the London Stock Exchange, the Deutsche Börse.

Equity trading is the buying and selling of company stock shares. Shares in large publicly-traded companies are bought and sold through one of the major stock exchanges, such as the New York Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange or Tokyo Stock Exchange, which serve as managed auctions for stock trades. Stock shares in smaller public companies are bought and sold in over-the-counter (OTC) markets.

Equity trading can be performed by the owner of the shares, or by an agent authorized to buy and sell on behalf of the share's owner. Proprietary trading or principal trading is buying and selling for the trader's own profit or loss. In this case, the principal is the owner of the shares. Agency trading is buying and selling by an agent, usually a stock broker, on behalf of a client. Agents are paid a commission for performing the trade.

Major stock exchanges have market makers who help limit price variation (volatility) by buying and selling a particular company's shares on their own behalf and also on behalf of others clients

Derivative

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The term "Derivative" indicates that it has no independent value, i.e. its value is entirely "derived" from the value of the underlying asset. The underlying asset can be securities, commodities, bullion, currency, live stock or anything else. In other words, Derivative means a forward, future, option or any other hybrid contract of pre determined fixed duration, linked for the purpose of contract fulfillment to the value of a specified real or financial asset or to an index of securities.

Trading In furure

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What is a Futures Contract?

Futures Contract means a legally binding agreement to buy or sell the underlying security on a future date. Future contracts are the organized/standardized contracts in terms of quantity, quality (in case of commodities), delivery time and place for settlement on any date in future. The contract expires on a pre-specified date which is called the expiry date of the contract. On expiry, futures can be settled by delivery of the underlying asset or cash. Cash settlement enables the settlement of obligations arising out of the future/option contract in cash.

Option Trading

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What is an Option contract?

Options Contract is a type of Derivatives Contract which gives the buyer/holder of the contract the right (but not the obligation) to buy/sell the underlying asset at a predetermined price within or at end of a specified period. The buyer/holder of the option purchases the right from the seller/writer for a consideration which is called the premium. The seller/writer of an option is obligated to settle the option as per the terms of the contract when the buyer/holder exercises his right. The underlying asset could include securities, an index of prices of securities etc.

Under Securities Contracts (Regulations) Act,1956 options on securities has been defined as "option in securities" meaning a contract for the purchase or sale of a right to buy or sell, or a right to buy and sell, securities in future, and includes a teji, a mandi, a teji mandi, a galli, a put, a call or a put and call in securities.

An Option to buy is called Call option and option to sell is called Put option. Further, if an option that is exercisable on or before the expiry date is called American option and one that is exercisable only on expiry date, is called European option. The price at which the option is to be exercised is called Strike price or Exercise price.

Insurance ,Risk Cover Along with Investment opportunity

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Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium, and can be thought of as a guaranteed small loss to prevent a large, possibly devastating loss. An insurer is a company selling the insurance; an insured or policyholder is the person or entity buying the insurance. The insurance rate is a factor used to determine the amount to be charged for a certain amount of insurance coverage, called the premium. Risk management, the practice of appraising and controlling risk, has evolved as a discrete field of study and practice.

Definite Loss.
The event that gives rise to the loss that is subject to the insured, at least in principle, take place at a known time, in a known place, and from a known cause. The classic example is death of an insured person on a life insurance policy. Fire, automobile accidents, and worker injuries may all easily meet this criterion. Other types of losses may only be definite in theory. Occupational disease, for instance, may involve prolonged exposure to injurious conditions where no specific time, place or cause is identifiable.

Accidental Loss. The event that constitutes the trigger of a claim should be fortuitous, or at least outside the control of the beneficiary of the insurance.

Large Loss.
The size of the loss must be meaningful from the perspective of the insured. Insurance premiums need to cover both the expected cost of losses, plus the cost of issuing and administering the policy, adjusting losses, and supplying the capital needed to reasonably assure that the insurer will be able to pay claims. For small losses these latter costs may be several times the size of the expected cost of losses. There is little point in paying such costs unless the protection offered has real value to a buyer.

Affordable Premium. If the likelihood of an insured event is so high, or the cost of the event so large, that the resulting premium is large relative to the amount of protection offered, it is not likely that anyone will buy insurance, even if on offer. Further, as the accounting profession formally recognizes in financial accounting standards, the premium cannot be so large that there is not a reasonable chance of a significant loss to the insurer. If there is no such chance of loss, the transaction may have the form of insurance, but not the substance.

Calculable Loss. There are two elements that must be at least estimable, if not formally calculable: the probability of loss, and the attendant cost. Probability of loss is generally an empirical exercise, while cost has more to do with the ability of a reasonable person in possession of a copy of the insurance policy and a proof of loss associated with a claim presented under that policy to make a reasonably definite and objective evaluation of the amount of the loss recoverable as a result of the claim Limited risk of catastrophically large losses. The essential risk is often aggregation. If the same event can cause losses to numerous policyholders of the same insurer, the ability of that insurer to issue policies becomes constrained, not by factors surrounding the individual characteristics of a given policyholder, but by the factors surrounding the sum of all policyholders so exposed. Typically, insurers prefer to limit their exposure to a loss from a single event to some small portion of their capital base, on the order of 5 percent. Where the loss can be aggregated, or an individual policy could produce exceptionally large claims, the capital constraint will restrict an insurer's appetite for additional policyholders. The classic example is earthquake insurance

Auto insurance
Home insurance
Health insurance
Disability insurance
Life insurance
Property insurance

Automobile insurance, known in the UK as motor insurance, is probably the most common form of insurance and may cover both legal liability claims against the driver and loss of or damage to the insured's vehicle itself. Throughout the United States an auto insurance policy is required to legally operate a motor vehicle on public roads. In some jurisdictions, bodily injury compensation for automobile accident victims has been changed to a no-fault system, which reduces or eliminates the ability to sue for compensation but provides automatic eligibility for benefits. Credit card companies insure against damage on rented cars.

Driving School Insurance insurance provides cover for any authorized driver whilst undergoing tuition, cover also unlike other motor policies provides cover for instructor liability where both the pupil and driving instructor are equally liable in the event of a claim.

Aviation insurance insures against hull, spares, deductibles, hull wear and liability risks.

Boiler insurance (also known as boiler and machinery insurance or equipment breakdown insurance) insures against accidental physical damage to equipment or machinery.

Builder's risk insurance insures against the risk of physical loss or damage to property during construction. Builder's risk insurance is typically written on an "all risk" basis covering damage due to any cause (including the negligence of the insured) not otherwise expressly excluded.

Crop insurance "Farmers use crop insurance to reduce or manage various risks associated with growing crops. Such risks include crop loss or damage caused by weather, hail, drought, frost damage, insects, or disease, for instance."

Earthquake insurance is a form of property insurance that pays the policyholder in the event of an earthquake that causes damage to the property. Most ordinary homeowners insurance policies do not cover earthquake damage. Most earthquake insurance policies feature a high deductible. Rates depend on location and the probability of an earthquake, as well as the construction of the home.
A fidelity bond is a form of casualty insurance that covers policyholders for losses that they incur as a result of fraudulent acts by specified individuals. It usually insures a business for losses caused by the dishonest acts of its employees.

Flood insurance protects against property loss due to flooding. Many insurers in the U.S. do not provide flood insurance in some portions of the country. In response to this, the federal government created the National Flood Insurance Program which serves as the insurer of last resort.

Home insurance or homeowners' insurance: See "Property insurance".
Landlord insurance is specifically designed for people who own properties which they rent out. Most house insurance cover in the U.K will not be valid if the property is rented out therefore landlords must take out this specialist form of home insurance.

Insurance Product

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Term Insurance
In this Product there is only risk covered . There is no maturity or gain after the end of contract

Endowment Insurance
In this Product there is Risk covered along with saving and bonus as well at the end of contract

Unit link Insurance
In this product this is risk covered along with saving and investment
Investment of the fund is mainly done in 4 funds

1)Bond Fund:- 80% in Government Bond and 20% Equity ......Very Safe

2)Balance Fund:-50% in Government Bond and 50% Equity .... Safe

3)Income Fund:-40% in Government Bond and 60% Equity .....Risky

4)Growth Fund:-(0 to 20)% in Government Bond and (80 to 100)%Equity .. very risky

Mutual Fund A good Investment sourse

2009-06-25T19:28:00.001-07:00

A mutual fund is a professionally managed type of collective investment scheme that pools money from many investors and invests it in stocks, bonds, short-term money market instruments, and/or other securities.

[1] The mutual fund will have a fund manager that trades the pooled money on a regular basis. As of early 2008, the worldwide value of all mutual funds totals more than $26 trillion.

[2] Since 1940, there have been three basic types of investment companies in the United States: open-end funds, also known in the US as mutual funds; unit investment trusts (UITs); and closed-end funds. Similar funds also operate in Canada. However, in the rest of the world, mutual fund is used as a generic term for various types of collective investment vehicles, such as unit trusts, open-ended investment companies (OEICs), unitized insurance funds, and undertakings for collective investments in transferable securities (UCITS).

Types of mutual funds

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Open-end fund

The term mutual fund is the common name for what is classified as an open-end investment company by the SEC. Being open-ended means that, at the end of every day, the fund issues new shares to investors and buys back shares from investors wishing to leave the fund.

Mutual funds must be structured as corporations or trusts, such as business trusts, and any corporation or trust will be classified by the SEC as an investment company if it issues securities and primarily invests in non-government securities. An investment company will be classified by the SEC as an open-end investment company if they do not issue undivided interests in specified securities (the defining characteristic of unit investment trusts or UITs) and if they issue redeemable securities. Registered investment companies that are not UITs or open-end investment companies are closed-end funds. Neither UITs nor closed-end funds are mutual funds (as that term is used in the US).

Exchange-traded funds

A relatively recent innovation, the exchange-traded fund or ETF, is often structured as an open-end investment company. ETFs combine characteristics of both mutual funds and closed-end funds. ETFs are traded throughout the day on a stock exchange, just like closed-end funds, but at prices generally approximating the ETF's net asset value. Most ETFs are index funds and track stock market indexes. Shares are issued or redeemed by institutional investors in large blocks (typically of 50,000). Most investors purchase and sell shares through brokers in market transactions. Because the institutional investors normally purchase and redeem in in kind transactions, ETFs are more efficient than traditional mutual funds (which are continuously issuing and redeeming securities and, to effect such transactions, continually buying and selling securities and maintaining liquidity positions) and therefore tend to have lower expenses.

Exchange-traded funds are also valuable for foreign investors who are often able to buy and sell securities traded on a stock market, but who, for regulatory reasons, are limited in their ability to participate in traditional U.S. mutual funds.

Equity funds

Equity funds, which consist mainly of stock investments, are the most common type of mutual fund. Equity funds hold 50 percent of all amounts invested in mutual funds in the United States. Often equity funds focus investments on particular strategies and certain types of issuers.

Capitalization

Fund managers and other investment professionals have varying definitions of mid-cap, and large-cap ranges. The following ranges are used by Russell Indexes: -

Russell Microcap Index - micro-cap ($54.8 - 539.5 million)
Russell 2000 Index - small-cap ($182.6 million - 1.8 billion)
Russell Midcap Index - mid-cap ($1.8 - 13.7 billion)
Russell 1000 Index - large-cap ($1.8 - 386.9 billion)

Growth vs. value

Another distinction is made between growth funds, which invest in stocks of companies that have the potential for large capital gains, and value funds, which concentrate on stocks that are undervalued. Value stocks have historically produced higher returns; however, financial theory states this is compensation for their greater risk. Growth funds tend not to pay regular dividends. Income funds tend to be more conservative investments, with a focus on stocks that pay dividends. A balanced fund may use a combination of strategies, typically including some level of investment in bonds, to stay more conservative when it comes to risk, yet aim for some growth.[citation needed]

Index funds versus active management

An index fund maintains investments in companies that are part of major stock (or bond) indices, such as the S&P 500, while an actively managed fund attempts to outperform a relevant index through superior stock-picking techniques. The assets of an index fund are managed to closely approximate the performance of a particular published index. Since the composition of an index changes infrequently, an index fund manager makes fewer trades, on average, than does an active fund manager. For this reason, index funds generally have lower trading expenses than actively managed funds, and typically incur fewer short-term capital gains which must be passed on to shareholders. Additionally, index funds do not incur expenses to pay for selection of individual stocks (proprietary selection techniques, research, etc.) and deciding when to buy, hold or sell individual holdings. Instead, a fairly simple computer model can identify whatever changes are needed to bring the fund back into agreement with its target index.

Certain empirical evidence seems to illustrate that mutual funds do not beat the market and actively managed mutual funds under-perform other broad-based portfolios with similar characteristics. One study found that nearly 1,500 U.S. mutual funds under-performed the market in approximately half of the years between 1962 and 1992. Moreover, funds that performed well in the past are not able to beat the market again in the future (shown by Jensen, 1968; Grimblatt and Sheridan Titman, 1989).

Bond funds

Bond funds account for 18% of mutual fund assets. Types of bond funds include term funds, which have a fixed set of time (short-, medium-, or long-term) before they mature. Municipal bond funds generally have lower returns, but have tax advantages and lower risk. High-yield bond funds invest in corporate bonds, including high-yield or junk bonds. With the potential for high yield, these bonds also come with greater risk.

Money market funds

Money market funds hold 26% of mutual fund assets in the United States. Money market funds entail the least risk, as well as lower rates of return. Unlike certificates of deposit (CDs), money market shares are liquid and redeemable at any time.

Funds of funds

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Funds of funds (FoF) are mutual funds which invest in other underlying mutual funds (i.e., they are funds comprised of other funds). The funds at the underlying level are typically funds which an investor can invest in individually. A fund of funds will typically charge a management fee which is smaller than that of a normal fund because it is considered a fee charged for asset allocation services. The fees charged at the underlying fund level do not pass through the statement of operations, but are usually disclosed in the fund's annual report, prospectus, or statement of additional information. The fund should be evaluated on the combination of the fund-level expenses and underlying fund expenses, as these both reduce the return to the investor.

Most FoFs invest in affiliated funds (i.e., mutual funds managed by the same advisor), although some invest in funds managed by other (unaffiliated) advisors. The cost associated with investing in an unaffiliated underlying fund is most often higher than investing in an affiliated underlying because of the investment management research involved in investing in fund advised by a different advisor. Recently, FoFs have been classified into those that are actively managed (in which the investment advisor reallocates frequently among the underlying funds in order to adjust to changing market conditions) and those that are passively managed (the investment advisor allocates assets on the basis of on an allocation model which is rebalanced on a regular basis).

The design of FoFs is structured in such a way as to provide a ready mix of mutual funds for investors who are unable to or unwilling to determine their own asset allocation model. Fund companies such as TIAA-CREF, American Century Investments, Vanguard, and Fidelity have also entered this market to provide investors with these options and take the "guess work" out of selecting funds. The allocation mixes usually vary by the time the investor would like to retire: 2020, 2030, 2050, etc. The more distant the target retirement date, the more aggressive the asset mix.

Hedge funds

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Hedge funds in the United States are pooled investment funds with loose SEC regulation and should not be confused with mutual funds. Some hedge fund managers are required to register with SEC as investment advisers under the Investment Advisers Act. [13] The Act does not require an adviser to follow or avoid any particular investment strategies, nor does it require or prohibit specific investments. Hedge funds typically charge a management fee of 1% or more, plus”performance fee” of 20% of the hedge fund’s profits. There may be a "lock-up" period, during which an investor cannot cash in shares. A variation of the hedge strategy is the 130-30 fund for individual investors.

Increasing Adsense Earning

2009-06-25T19:23:00.001-07:00

You have probably heard of the AdSense publishers who make in excess of $10,000 a month as well as the big earners who make more than $100,000 a month, but wouldn't it be great just to make $100 a day from Google's brilliant AdSense program?

If you are an existing AdSense publisher who is struggling to make the $100 a month payment threshold then the following tips will set you up on the road to earning that monthly 5 figure sum with AdSense.

Tips to Make $100 a Day With AdSense

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1. Position Ads Above the Fold The part of a web page that is visible (without having to scroll down) after it has loaded is the part that is "above the fold". Therefore AdSense ads that are visible above the fold are more likely to get clicked on than those that only become visible if the site visitor scrolls down the page as they are less likely to scroll down than just view what is immediately visible. In fact check out Google's heatmap which shows the positioning for the best performing ads.

2. Blend Your AdsAs web surfers are becoming increasingly blind to ads your AdSense ads should be blended into the content of your site in terms of the text & background colors. If the fonts can be matched this will also increase your chances of having the ads clicked on & thereby earning you more of that much loved AdSense revenue.

3. Best AdSense Ad SizesThe following is a list that is generally accepted as of the highest performing ad sizes... * 336×280 large rectangle * 300×250 inline rectangle * 160×600 wide skyscraper Whilst the above size ads may not always be suitable for your website or blog it is worth noting that these are the ones that out perform other AdSense ad sizes.

4. Links Should be Blue One of the most important factors affecting AdSense revenue is to ensure that the links are blue. Web surfers view the color blue as a sign that a link is present . The whole point of this entire process is to get people to click on your links - especially when they are attached to AdSense.

5. Set Up Channels Google's AdSense program allows you to create channels for each ad unit which provides you with an excellent tool to compare your various ad units performance on each page.

6. Click through Rate (CTR) Its important to monitor your CTR as it reflects the percentage of clicks generated per page impression. You can therefore compare your pages' CTR and tweak things to improve the lower performing pages and so on.

AdSense CTR

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What should you do to increase AdSense CTR?

Webmasters have very diverse views on how to increase CTR. It largely depends upon the the quality of its content, keywords you are targeting, design and layout of your website, placement of AdSense ads, page optimization and various other factors. Generally, AdSense blocks wrapped between the quality content works the best. For the websites having poor quality content, placing the Ads before the start of the content works best.

*Quality Comtent: If you develop a poor quality content website, even if you have high CTR and clicks, you will be getting low priced ads and also nobody will like to add your url to their favorites. But if you have quality content, that keeps the visitors glued, even if you get a little low CTR (not that you will), but you will be getting high priced ads and regular visitors, too. So the bottom is concentrate on providing quality content that provides value to your visitors. For AdSense, quality content is the king.

*Proper Ad Positioning: Proper positioning of ads on your website has direct impact on your CTR. Change the location of the ads and watch changes in your CTR regularly. Try to locate the area of the page where the focus of the visitor can be. Generally, AdSense ads near the quality content or other crucial areas like navigation bar tend to perform better. But it really depends upon the keywords you are targeting, and the traffic you have.

* Right Ad Formats: As the Google engineers say, more user friendly ads, more widespread tend to do better than towers and others. But you have to decide what work best for you based on your site layout, design etc.

* Right Ad Colors: The colors you use for your AdSense Ad Units also affects the CTR. As a rule you have to use those color that will make the Ads look like an integral part of your content. Blend in colors are often recommended. For more information see our article "How to Optimize AdSense Ad Colors"

SEO tips(article 1)

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1. Do proper keyword research: This is invaluable! Make sure that before you build a site, you figure out exactly what kinds of keywords you will want to target.

2. Use header tags: This is a chance for you to tell the search engines what you consider to be the most important phrase on your website.

3. Use italics and underlining to further emphasize your keywords.

4. Use proper keyword usage: I try to use my main keyword about 2% of the time. Don't overdo it!

5. Have a smart navigation structure: Make it as easy as possible for the search engines to get around your site, have lots of internal links

6. Use contextual links: Do everything you can to streamline your visitors through your site, and push them towards your products.

7. Get as many high quality links as you can: This is incredibly important, links can make the difference in a high ranking website.

8. Encourage visitor interaction: create some polls, reach for feedback, anything you can to involve your visitors.

9. Update content regularly: No one likes a stale site, keep it fresh

10. Branch out: not every venture is going to be incredibly profitable. Be sure to spread out your "eggs", and once you start making money, put more resources and time into making even more profit.

Search engine optimization really isn't that hard, and many people don't even do it. I hope that you have enjoyed my top 10 SEO tips.

SEO tips(article 2)

2009-06-25T19:18:00.001-07:00

Everybody wants to make their site into Google Top 10. So they do all sort of SEO and listen to tips and techniques of SEO firms and professionals. The problem with this approach is that they do make changes to the site design and structure as and when they get the SEO tips. This is not a correct approach.

If you want to make your site into Google Top 10, then you need to follow some standard SEO techniques that not only increase your SERP but also enhance your web Page Rank. By consistently, following these Search Engine Optimization SEO Tips you look natural and your site skyrockets into Google Top 10.

Tip 1 - Research For A Good Niche:

Even if it is a micro niche it doesn't matter. You should develop yourself as an expert in the field. The people will look for your site when you become authoritative over a niche.

Tip 2 - SEO Friendly Design:

Plan your site as per the SEO guidelines and make it Search Engine friendly. The site should be easy to crawl by the search engine robots. A sitemap addition will ease the things as it is approved by the major search engines like Google, Yahoo and MSN.

Tip 3 - Mini Research:

A mini research regarding the niche you select, info about competitors, info about the related niche is recommended. This will improve your knowledge on the subject.

Tip 4 - Keyword Research:

Conduct an effective keyword research. Do not go for most searched keyword. As it is involves a strong competition, stay away from such competitive keywords. Always opt for long tail keywords as they have low competition and are more targeted. Keyword research is the most difficult step in the development of site. So you need to be through and effective. Get the help of Keyword Research SEO Tools and ease your things.

Tip 5 - Unique Content:

Do not copy the content from other sites. Use your own language and get unique content. Make it more refreshing and interesting to the visitors. This will help you to get more traffic and thus into Google Top 10.

Tip 6 -Submit Site To Directories:

Submit your website in the authority SEO friendly directories so as to gain link popularity. Even though there is a controversy going on the submission to paid directories, Google like the paid directories like Yahoo Directory. Make sure that you read the guidelines before submitting the site to the directories especially DMOZ which increases your Google Top 10 ranking like anything.

Tip 7 - Article Submission:

Write articles about your subject and submit them to the SEO friendly article directories like Ezine, GoArticles etc. They are really a great source to build your link popularity. If your article is great informative, then many of the webmasters will use that article and link back to your site.

Tip 8 - Add Refreshing Content:

Blogging is a very effective tool to add refreshing content to the site. Google loves the sites which are constantly updated with refreshing content. So the visitors come back again and again as they expect more authoritative and un-biased information from you.

Tip 9 - Promote Site Online & Offline:

Do not think that offline promotion is a time waste process. But always have a blend of online and offline promotion methods. All the promotion activities should look natural. Whether it is Google or any other search engine, they all love to be natural.

Tip 10 - Learn About Search Engine Optimization SEO:

As I said you earlier, you do need to implement all the SEO tips and techniques learnt. But make sure that you are always competent with SEO methods. This will help you to decide what is best and what is worst for your site. Always make sure that you ease SEO work by using the recommended SEO software. This will ensure that you complete the repetitive and automated things in less time and thereby spend your time effectively

SEO tips(article3)

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Some people will choose to hire an SEO service to optimize their websites, but there are two problems with this method. The first is that usually the SEO website services are very pricey and second, not all of the SEO website services that you can find online actually do a good job Here are 10 SEO Website tips that you can do yourself even if you are on a limited budget

1. Plan Your SEO Website from the Beginning.

Most people will create their websites without even thinking about whether or not their site will be found by the search engines. Only after the site has been created does the light bulb go and then maybe a few tweaks will be done in an attempt to make the site SEO friendly. Most people don't realize that this should be done first, in the planning stage, not last as an after thought.

Selecting your domain name to include your keywords before the site even goes up should be your first thought. It is important for those keywords to be in your URL Images and file names should also have your keywords added to them. If they don't, rename them before uploading them to your server.

For example, it is better for the search engine spiders to read an image that says dog-training-hound.jpeg than to read 03.jpeg, if your site is about dog training.

2. Plan Your Website SEO Design.

You want to plan your site for your visitor, or prospect, first and foremost. You site should be easy to navigate and easy for your visitors to read. It should be clean and uncluttered, clear and concise. Next you want it to be easy for the search engine bots to read as well.

The way the search bot spiders read your site is by reading the HTML code. Take a look at your site in the HTML view, or source view, of the HTML editor you are using. Take a look at your header image. Did you change the name to include your keyword or does it just say header.gif? Are you using images for your headlines instead of text? Have you used a flash format to create your site? If any of these things are there you haven't given the search engine spiders anything to read. What this means is that they have no idea what your site is about. The search engine spiders must have text to read.

Next, if you are using java script or CSS style coding in the <> < /HEAD> segment of your page, it will work better for you if you put the java script code in an external file and put the CSS style coding in a separate CSS file. That way the search engine spiders can find and read the text just as easily as the human visitor.

3. Give Each Page It's Own Title Tag

For search engine optimization, every single page of your website needs to be treated as if it is an entirely different website with a related theme. The most important aspect for the search engines is your <>< /TITLE>tag. The <>< /TITLE> tag tells the search engine what your page is about. What this means is that every page needs to have a different title tag to be search engine optimized. This will also prevent the search engines from thinking they have found duplicate content and skipping the page.

You want to use your keywords or keyword phrase at the front of the title, as much as possible. As an example, if your website is about training dogs, each page should be a different aspect of dog training, be it dog potty training or training a different breed on each page. So one page might be "Potting Training Your Dog" , while another might be, "Poodle Potty Training Tricks". Whatever that page is about, it will need a title tag reflecting that information. Again, you do NOT want to duplicate any of the title tags on any of your pages.

4. Description Tags

The description of you page is what will show up on the search engine page. When you do a Google search, for example, that short little summary clip that you see for every website that comes up, is the information the webmaster put in the description tag. Your description with keywords is the second most important tag after the title tag.

Think about what words you would use if YOU were searching for the information you are providing. Use those words in your description. Use the Google Suggest tool to get ideas for more keyword phrases. The description should only be a few sentence summary as Google only displays about 150 to 160 characters. The description should be unique on every page and should reflect what the page is about. Think of the description as a small ad for your page. You should use a slightly different keyword order for the description than what you used in the page title tag. You could change plurals to singular, or change an acronym to a full description.

For example:

If "Training Sheltie Dogs to Fetch" was in my page title tag, my meta description might include something like "Leading fetch dog training techniques for Shelties".

5. Use Keywords in Headlines, Headers and Sub-headers

While a human only needs to see headlines and headers in large, bold text, with different colors, search engine bots look for tags to distinguish the importance of word phrases on the web page. This is why you must use header tags, etc. to distinguish the importance of phrases, with being the most important headline, and being the least important.

6 Inserting Your Keywords and Keyword Phrases

Your keywords and keyword phrases should be peppered throughout your content within the body of the text. Don't try to over stuff your content with keywords to the point that it doesn't make sense to your human reader. A good rule of thumb would be a 2% density. In other words, a page of text with around 500 words would have the keyword repeated about 10 times.

Write good quality content as you normally would, and when you are finished, read your content aloud. If it doesn't sound right you have probably tried to stuff it with too many keywords and should remove some to have it read smoothly.

7. Use Keywords and Keyword Phrases in Your Links

The next step is to add your keywords to your links. When you are linking to other pages in your web site, ensure that your keywords have been included as the clickable text of the link. Instead of having a link that says "click here" to get more information on dog training leashes, change that link to: To get more information about "dog training leashes" with the keywords "dog training leashes" being the anchor link or (clickable) text.

Use the alt="" tags for your keywords on images too. Some people have their browsers set to block images so you want alt tags with a keyword description to show in place of the image. Use an alt="" tag in links that may be affiliate links too.

8. Check Your Site Navigation

Usually a search engine spider bot will index the main page of a site and follow the available links to the other pages deep within the interior of the web site. However, if your home page navigation system is in java script, or you are using images instead of text, some of the search engines will not be able to read the links and will then skip the pages deep within your site.

One way around this is to create an additional text-link navigation bar and place it at the bottom of the page. This additional navigation bar will work three-fold.

* Aide the search engines in indexing your other pages
* Add more of your keywords to the "anchor text" links that you insert into the navigation bar .
* Show the reader the links to your other pages as a reminder when they get to the bottom of the page.

9. Add a Sitemap

Helping the search engine bots find all of your pages, especially if you have a huge site with 1000's of pages, is very important. A sitemap is a page that has text links to ALL of the pages within your site. The sitemap also serves multiple purposes

* It helps users to find what they are looking for in the interior of the web site.
* It helps the search engine spider bots find the interior pages to index and rank.

Once the sitemap has been created, remember to link to it from the home page and from the other relevant pages of your website.

10. SEO Link Popularity

Now that your web site is search engine optimized it is time to work on the off site optimization. One of the ways that Google will rank your web pages is by the number of high ranking sites that are linking to your site. These links are referred to as backlinks. There are several ways to do this and you should utilize all of them, if possible.

The first thing is to make sure you are providing high quality information for your readers.

Next submit articles to article directories, with links to your site in your resource box; visit forums, participate in conversations, and have links to your site pages in your signature file; build Squidoo lens and Hubpages, and link them to your site; create videos with embedded links to your site, and submit the videos to all of the video sites such as YouTube; submit your site to site directories; create a blog, and link to your web site; leave comments on high ranking blogs; lastly, bookmark your site pages, there are thousands of bookmarking sites to choose from, where you can leave links to your site.

I do need to mention this, just in case you don't know - DO NOT SPAM - any of the above sites. You will be barred and loose your accounts.

I know this all sounds like a lot of work, and it is, but creating a business online selling products is not something that will happen overnight. It is a process that builds slowly with time.

By using any, or all of these SEO website tips will not only help you to create those backlinks for the search engines, they will also aide in bringing more traffic to your site. If you follow these 10 SEO website tips that I have provided here, you can pretty much guarantee the success of your website being found and ranked by the search engines.

Bank As Financial Source

2009-06-25T18:49:00.000-07:00

Federal Reserve

On April 29, 2009, the Federal Reserve voted unanimously to maintain its overnight lending rate at 0.25 percent. The decision to hold comes as little surprise since the benchmark has been deflated to such unprecedented low levels

European Central Bank

On May 5, 2009, the European Central Bank announced that it would reduce both the main refinancing rate as well as the marginal lending facility rate by twenty-five and fifty basis points respectively. This brings the new rates to record lows of 1.0 percent and 1.75 percent

Bank of England

The Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee’s May 7th meeting resulted in a vote to maintain the official Bank Rate at 0.50%. The MPC also voted to increase the size of its Asset Purchase Programme by £50 billion, to a total of £125 billion

Swiss National Bank

The Swiss National Bank continued its easing regime at its quarterly meeting on March 12, 2009. While maintaining the range of 0.0 percent to 0.75, they moved their target lower to 0.25 percent. This is a level unseen in over ten years

Reserve Bank of Australia

On June 2, 2009, the Reserve Bank of Australia held its benchmark rate at three percent for the second time as the policy board returns to its wait-and-see approach to recovery. The central bank has lowered the cash rate target 425 basis points from a high of 7.25% last March as economic activity decelerates and inflation evaporates.

Bank of Canada

On April 21, 2009, the Bank of Canada surprised markets with yet another rate reduction, bringing the overnight lending rate 25 bps lower to 0.25 percent. While the cut was unexpected by economists, a closer analysis of economic data that preceded the decision supports the move for further easing. A slew of reports suggest that the economy is indeed contracting at a much faster pace than originally predicted. GDP fell over 0.7 percent in January.

Reserve Bank of New Zealand

RBNZ Governor Alan Bollard held adamant about keeping the official cash rate at 8.25 percent when he announced the rate bank’s rate decision on April 23rd. Despite the hawkish stance though, the policy authority did caution that a slowdown was inevitable, as economic growth had already deteriorated since their last meeting in March

Bank of Japan

On March 6th, officials from Bank of Japan came to the unanimous decision of keeping the target interest rates steady at 0.50 percent. This vote to keep policy steady has sustained a long period of neutrality as the last change to rates was back in February, 2007 when Governor Toshihiko Fukui announced the last 25 basis point hike

State Bank of India (SBI) is the largest bank in India.

The bank traces its ancestry back through the Imperial Bank of India to the founding in 1806 of the Bank of Calcutta, making it the oldest commercial bank in the Indian Subcontinent. The Government of India nationalised the Imperial Bank of India in 1955, with the Reserve Bank of India taking a 60% stake, and renamed it the State Bank of India. In 2008, the Government took over the stake held by the Reserve Bank of India.

SBI provides a range of banking products through its vast network in India and overseas, including products aimed at NRIs. With an asset base of $126 billion and its reach, it is a regional banking behemoth. SBI has laid emphasis on reducing the huge manpower through Golden handshake schemes, which led to a flight of its best and brightest managers which took to retirement allowances and then went on the become senior managers at new private sector banks, and computerizing its operations.

The State Bank Group, with over 16000 branches , has the largest branch network in India. It has a market share among Indian commercial banks of about 20% in deposits and advances, and SBI accounts for almost one-fifth of the nation’s loans

Regional office of the State Bank of India (SBI), India's largest bank, in Mumbai. The government of India is the largest shareholder in SBI.

The bank has 52 branches, agencies or offices in 32 countries. It has branches of the parent in Colombo, Dhaka, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, London and environs, Los Angeles, Male in the Maldives, Muscat, New York, Osaka, Sydney, and Tokyo. It has offshore banking units in the Bahamas, Bahrain, and Singapore, and representative offices in Bhutan and Cape Town.

History

The roots of the State Bank of India rest in the first decade of 19th century, when the Bank of Calcutta, later renamed the Bank of Bengal, was established on 2 June 1806. The Bank of Bengal and two other Presidency banks, namely, the Bank of Bombay (incorporated on 15 April 1840) and the Bank of Madras (incorporated on 1 July 1843). All three Presidency banks were incorporated as joint stock companies, and were the result of the royal charters. These three banks received the exclusive right to issue paper currency in 1861 with the Paper Currency Act, a right they retained until the formation of the Reserve Bank of India. The Presidency banks amalgamated on 27 January 1921, and the reorganized banking entity took as its name Imperial Bank of India. The Imperial Bank of India continued to remain a joint stock company.

Pursuant to the provisions of the State Bank of India Act (1955), the Reserve Bank of India, which is India's central bank, acquired a controlling interest in the Imperial Bank of India. On 30 April 1955 the Imperial Bank of India became the State Bank of India. The Govt. of India recently acquired the Reserve Bank of India's stake in SBI so as to remove any conflict of interest because the RBI is the country's banking regulatory authority.

Associate banks

There are six associate banks that fall under SBI, and together these six banks constitute the State Bank Group. All use the same logo of a blue keyhole and all the associates use the "State Bank of" name followed by the regional headquarters' name. Originally, the then seven banks that became the associate banks belonged to princely states until the government nationalized them in 1969. In tune with the first Five Year Plan, emphasizing the development of rural India, the government integrated these banks into State Bank of India to expand its rural outreach. There has been a proposal to merge all the associate banks into SBI to create a "mega bank" and streamline operations. The first step along these lines occurred in September 2008 when State Bank of Saurashtra merged with State Bank of India, which reduced the number of state banks from seven to six.

State Bank of Indore
State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur
State Bank of Hyderabad
State Bank of Mysore
State Bank of Patiala
State Bank of Travancore

Growth

State Bank of India has often acted as guarantor to the Indian Government, most notably during Chandra Shekhar's tenure as Prime Minister of India. With more than 11,111 branches and a further 6500+ associate bank branches, the SBI has extensive coverage. State Bank of India has electronically networked all of its branches under Core Banking System(CBS). The bank has one of the largest ATM networks in the region. More than 8500 ATMs across India. The State Bank of India has had steady growth over its history, though it was marred by the Harshad Mehta scam